According to the Description-Experience gap (DE gap), people act as if overweighting rare events when information about those events is derived from descriptions but as if underweighting rare events when they experience them through a sampling process. While the is now clear evidence that the DE...

In this paper, we report an experimental investigation of the effect of framing on social preferences, as revealed in a one-shot linear public goods game. We use two indicators to measure social preferences: self-reported emotional responses; and, as a behavioural indicator of disapproval,...

Markowitz (Journal of Political Economy 60:151–158, <CitationRef CitationID="CR27">1952</CitationRef>) identified a fourfold pattern of risk preferences in outcome magnitude: When outcomes are large, people are risk averse in gains and risk seeking in losses, but risk preferences reverse when the outcomes are small, with people...</citationref>

Markowitz hypothesized a fourfold pattern of risk preferences, with risk aversion for large gains and small losses, but risk seeking for small gains and large losses. We test his hypothesis, and obtain two major results. One is the dispersion effect: A majority exhibits risk seeking and risk...

We describe the DRIFT model, a heuristic description of framing effects in intertemporal choice, and four experiments testing its implications. In the experiments we vary how outcomes are framed – either as total interest earned, as the rate of interest or, as is traditionally done in studies...