Cultural protectionism has been an element of national and foreign policies, as an extension of state sovereignty expressed both in a defensive and offensive manner. While the generic protectionist formula in the sense of restraining trade between states through measures such as import tariffs...

The chapter focuses on the toolbox of trademark law to map the tensions between cultural heritage and intellectual property protection and to explore to what extent trademarks offer useful, albeit imperfect ways, to protect cultural heritage. The chapter then addresses the questions of whether...

This article is set against the complex backdrop of the evolution of the data-driven economy and its regulation, and seeks to provide a better contextualization of the topic of data protection as a matter of trade law. It looks at the recent proliferation of rules on data flows, specifically...