This paper analyzes brief episodes of high-intensity quotes turnover and revision-"bursts" in quotes-in the U.S. equity market. Such events occur very frequently, several hundred times a day for actively traded stocks. We find significant price impact associated with these market makers...

We relax the classical price-taking assumption and study the impact of orders of arbitrary size on price when the availability of liquidity is a concern in hedging. Our paper extends the earlier literature, suggesting that an environment with a permanent impact can be viewed as a special case...

This paper examines changes in market quality resulting from the smaller tick size of the interbank foreign exchange market. Coupled with the lower tick size, the special composition of traders and their order placement strategies created a suitable environment for high- frequency traders...