Economists have devoted increasing attention to the magnitude and consequences of measurement error in their data. Most discussions of measurement error are based on the “classical” assumption that errors in measuring a particular variable are uncorrelated with the true value of that...

This paper contributes to the literature on the estimation of causal effects by providing an analytical formula for individual specific treatment effects and an empirical methodology that allows us to estimate these effects. We derive the formula from a general model with minimal restrictions,...

In this article, I develop a novel identification result for estimating the effect of an endogenous treatment using a proxy of an unobserved imperfect instrument. I show that the potential outcomes distributions are partially identified for the compliers. Therefore, I derive sharp bounds on the...