The aging population and increasing chronic disease load are rapidly changing the face of primary care delivery, with mid-level (e.g., nurse) practitioners providing growing proportion of patient care. Potential differences in the quality of care offered by physicians and nurse practitioners may...

According to management by objectives (MBO) theory, the significance of management objectives must be considered as a reference point in a performance evaluation. Cross efficiency evaluation has always been considered to be one of the important performance evaluation methods. However, few...