Based on interviews with 429 manufacturing firms in six European countries, this study explores the rationality of trading behavior in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). We find that banking from one year to the next is used by most firms. Equally, a large majority of...

Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that...

Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between 'dirty' (internal combustion engine) and 'clean' (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that...

Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between “dirty" (internal combustion engine) and “clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that...

This paper investigates the joint effect of consumers' environmental concerns and product-market competition on firms' decisions whether to innovate "clean" or "dirty". We first develop a step-by-step innovation model to capture the basic intuition that socially responsible consumers induce...