Capital investment in longevity science-research targeting the biological processes of aging through interventions like cellular reprogramming, AI-driven drug discovery, and biological age monitoring-may create significant divergence between traditional actuarial projections and emerging...

This paper proposes a way to improve health provision for populations that are usually excluded from access to health services. It starts out with a short description of who the excluded are, and what they are excluded from. The paper then looks at the major policy statements elaborated at the...

Micro health insurance units (MIUs) reduce negative financial consequences of healthcare costs for people who cannot access to formal and affordable health insurance. In order to survive, MIUs need capital to cover their outlier costs (whose probability of occurring is low but not zero). The...

We identify the need for a theory of demand for health insurance suited to the informal sector in low and middle income countries where some 3 billion people lack health cover. Excluded from formal governance structures, they rely on informal arrangements by which rules-in-use shape choices,...