This paper introduces a flexible risk decomposition method for life insurance contracts embedding several risk factors. Hedging can be naturally embedded in the framework. Although the method is applied to variable annuities in this work, it is also applicable in general to other insurance or...

Participating life insurance contracts are policies that provide dividends (participation bonuses) based on the insurer’s financial performance. While these products are popular, there exists a gap in the literature for the analysis of these contracts under a stochastic setting. This paper...