Recent empirical research has examined the relationship between certain indicators of environmental degradation and income, concluding that in some cases an inverted U-shaped relationship, which has been called an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), exists between these variables. The source of...

Trade creates wealth through economic growth, and increased level of income effects environment in different ways. Firstly, when people become wealthier, their demand for environmental protection will increase because their priorities will change from employment, income, food or housing to more...