Baltagi, Badi H.; Jiménez-Martín, Sergi; Labeaga, José M. - 2023
The properties of classical panel data estimators including fixed effect, first-differences, random effects, and … generalized method of moments-instrumental variables estimators in both static as well as dynamic panel data models are … from the levels equation has moderate bias. Alternatively, when both equations have common covariates the appropriate …