In this paper we intend to study some mechanisms that block a rapid diffusion of technological progress from advanced to underdeveloped countries. In order to accomplish this task we focus on two approaches that challenge the view that technological gaps between rich and poor nations are...

This paper systematically surveys the use of different approaches for the magic square (MS) as an indicator of welfare, a formal system of necessary relations to deal with conflicts of socioeconomic objectives. The starting point is the article of Kaldor (1971) followed by contributions by the...