Many educators and policymakers have argued for lenient grade promotion policy – even automatic promotion – in developing country settings where grade retention rates are high. The argument assumes that grade retention discourages persistence or continuation in school and that the...

Variation in school attributes, proximity, and fees across neighborhoods is used to identify factors which affect whether poor households send their children to government school, private school, or no school. Analysis shows that even the poorest households use private schools extensively, and...

A theoretical model is advanced that demonstrates that, if teacher and student attendance generate a shared good, then teacher and student attendance will be mutually reinforcing.  Using data from the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan, empirical evidence supporting that proposition is...

Human toxoplasmosis is an infection that has multiple sources: consumption of pork and lamb, water, and handling cat litter and garden soil. While some are, many are not related to livestock production methods. Therefore, there are weak market signals to farmers to change pig production systems,...

(with Arne Hallam, James Russell, and Matt Hersom). "Economics of Stockpiled Grazing Programs." Proceedings, Management Intensive Grazing Symposium, Newton, Iowa, January 22-23, 1997.

Abstract Currently Unavailable.

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Kliebenstein, J., S. Patton, J. Zimmerman, X. Hu, A. Hallam, T. Roberts, and E. Bush. "Toxoplasma gondii in United States Swine Operations: An Assessment of Management Factors," in Epidemiologie et Sante Animale, Proceedings of VIII Conference of International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology...