This paper designs and models a fully decentralized peer-to-peer energy token market for small-scale prosumers using blockchain technology in a smart grid environment in the presence of the demand response program (DRP) and demurrage mechanism. As the market players, prosumers in the local...

Nowadays, the world is encountering severe challenges in the energy generation sector. Environmental issues like climate change, global warming and Green House Gases (GHGs) and also social issues like dramatic increase in global population and increasing energy demand are the main causes of...

Installing energy storage systems (ESS) for wind turbines power can bring many benefits to both power grids and wind power developers. Considering stochastic nature of wind, electric power generated by wind turbines is highly erratic and may affect both the power quality and the planning of...

Congestion in a power system is turned up due to operating limits. To relieve congestion in a deregulated power market, the system operator pays to market participants considering their bids to alter their active powers. After relieving congestion, the network may be operated with a reduced...

Short-term load forecast (STLF) is an important operational function in both regulated power systems and deregulated open electricity markets. However, STLF is not easy to handle due to the nonlinear and random-like behaviors of system loads, weather conditions, and social and economic...

Ancillary services are necessary for maintaining the security and reliability of power systems and constitute an important part of trade in competitive electricity markets. Spinning Reserve (SR) is one of the most important ancillary services for saving power system stability and integrity in...

Congestion management is a vital part of power system operations in recent deregulated electricity markets. However, after relieving congestion, power systems may be operated with a reduced voltage or transient stability margin because of hitting security limits or increasing the contribution of...

In a competitive electricity market, where market parties try to maximize their profits, it is necessary to keep an acceptable level of power system security to retain the continuity of electricity services to customers at a reasonable cost. Congestion in a power system is turned up due to...