Purpose: Business process models describe the way of working in an organization. Typically, business process models distinguish between the normal flow of work and exceptions to that normal flow. However, they often present an idealized view. This means that unexpected exceptions – exceptions...

Multimodal transport is widely acknowledged to be more economic and environmental friendly compared to road transport, and has attracted a significant research effort from the field of operations research. Hinterland transport, particularly is of interest, as managing the freight flows between...