Results for 10010423402

Results for 10010423402 Showing 1 - 50 results of 403 Laminas_Feed_Writer 2 (https://getlaminas.org) https://www.econbiz.de/similar/results?mlt=author&lng=en&view=rss&id=10010423402&sort=econbiz_created+desc&limit=50 403 0 50 Misfortune and mistake : the financial conditions and decision-making ability of high-cost loan borrowers Tue, 10 Dec 2024 15:39:29 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/misfortune-and-mistake-the-financial-conditions-and-decision-making-ability-of-high-cost-loan-borrowers-carvalho-leandro/10015144347?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/misfortune-and-mistake-the-financial-conditions-and-decision-making-ability-of-high-cost-loan-borrowers-carvalho-leandro/10015144347?sid=1535950745 Carvalho, Leandro Article 2024 Carvalho, Leandro 0 Twenty years after the embargo : US oil import dependence and how it can be reduced Sun, 24 Nov 2024 17:10:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/twenty-years-after-the-embargo-us-oil-import-dependence-and-how-it-can-be-reduced-geller-howard/10015118577?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/twenty-years-after-the-embargo-us-oil-import-dependence-and-how-it-can-be-reduced-geller-howard/10015118577?sid=1535950745 Geller, Howard S. Article 1994 Geller, Howard S. 0 Directed Giving: Evidence from an Inter-Household Transfer Experiment Fri, 24 May 2024 17:12:42 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/directed-giving-evidence-from-an-inter-household-transfer-experiment-batista-catia/10014533073?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/directed-giving-evidence-from-an-inter-household-transfer-experiment-batista-catia/10014533073?sid=1535950745 Batista, Catia Book / Working Paper 2013 Batista, Catia 0 Complexity and sophistication Tue, 02 Apr 2024 11:48:53 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/complexity-and-sophistication-carvalho-leandro/10014503106?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/complexity-and-sophistication-carvalho-leandro/10014503106?sid=1535950745 Carvalho, Leandro Article 2024 Carvalho, Leandro 0 Misfortune and Mistake : The Financial Conditions and Decision-Making Ability of High-Cost Loan Borrowers Wed, 20 Sep 2023 21:30:45 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/misfortune-and-mistake-the-financial-conditions-and-decision-making-ability-of-high-cost-loan-borrowers-olafsson-arna/10014349774?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/misfortune-and-mistake-the-financial-conditions-and-decision-making-ability-of-high-cost-loan-borrowers-olafsson-arna/10014349774?sid=1535950745 Olafsson, Arna Book / Working Paper 2023 Olafsson, Arna 0 Complexity and Sophistication Wed, 20 Sep 2023 21:30:45 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/complexity-and-sophistication-carvalho-leandro/10014349775?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/complexity-and-sophistication-carvalho-leandro/10014349775?sid=1535950745 Carvalho, Leandro Book / Working Paper 2023 Carvalho, Leandro 0 The response of consumer spending to changes in gasoline prices Tue, 01 Aug 2023 10:18:02 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-response-of-consumer-spending-to-changes-in-gasoline-prices-gelman-michael/10014316780?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-response-of-consumer-spending-to-changes-in-gasoline-prices-gelman-michael/10014316780?sid=1535950745 Gelman, Michael Article 2023 Gelman, Michael 0 Structural Change and Economic Growth Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/structural-change-and-economic-growth-laitner-john/10014148860?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/structural-change-and-economic-growth-laitner-john/10014148860?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Macroeconomic Determinants of Retirement Timing Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/macroeconomic-determinants-of-retirement-timing-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10014150101?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/macroeconomic-determinants-of-retirement-timing-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10014150101?sid=1535950745 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy Book / Working Paper 2014 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy 0 Technological Progress and the Earnings of Older Workers Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/technological-progress-and-the-earnings-of-older-workers-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10014150107?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/technological-progress-and-the-earnings-of-older-workers-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10014150107?sid=1535950745 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy Book / Working Paper 2014 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy 0 Earnings within Education Groups and Overall Productivity Growth Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/earnings-within-education-groups-and-overall-productivity-growth-laitner-john/10014151792?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/earnings-within-education-groups-and-overall-productivity-growth-laitner-john/10014151792?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Earnings within Education Groups and Overall Productivity Growth Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/earnings-within-education-groups-and-overall-productivity-growth-laitner-john/10014129427?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/earnings-within-education-groups-and-overall-productivity-growth-laitner-john/10014129427?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2001 Laitner, John 0 Social Isolation and Inequality Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/social-isolation-and-inequality-postlewaite-andrew/10014072066?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/social-isolation-and-inequality-postlewaite-andrew/10014072066?sid=1535950745 Postlewaite, Andrew Book / Working Paper 2005 Postlewaite, Andrew 0 The Effect of Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes : The Case of Height, Third Version Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-third-version-persico-nicola/10014072234?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-third-version-persico-nicola/10014072234?sid=1535950745 Persico, Nicola G. Book / Working Paper 2004 Persico, Nicola G. 0 The Effect of Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes : The Case of Height Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10014074091?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10014074091?sid=1535950745 Persico, Nicola G. Book / Working Paper 2011 Persico, Nicola G. 0 Social Isolation and Inequality, Second Version Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/social-isolation-and-inequality-second-version-postlewaite-andrew/10014067744?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/social-isolation-and-inequality-second-version-postlewaite-andrew/10014067744?sid=1535950745 Postlewaite, Andrew Book / Working Paper 2005 Postlewaite, Andrew 0 The Effect of Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes : The Case of Height Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10014069954?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10014069954?sid=1535950745 Persico, Nicola G. Book / Working Paper 2011 Persico, Nicola G. 0 Street Crime and Street Culture Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/street-crime-and-street-culture-silverman-dan/10014070381?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/street-crime-and-street-culture-silverman-dan/10014070381?sid=1535950745 Silverman, Dan Book / Working Paper 2004 Silverman, Dan 0 Time Inconsistency and Welfare Program Participation : Evidence from the Nlsy Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/time-inconsistency-and-welfare-program-participation-evidence-from-the-nlsy-fang-hanming/10014070543?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/time-inconsistency-and-welfare-program-participation-evidence-from-the-nlsy-fang-hanming/10014070543?sid=1535950745 Fang, Hanming Book / Working Paper 2010 Fang, Hanming 0 Consumption Commitments and Preferences for Risk Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-commitments-and-preferences-for-risk-postlewaite-andrew/10014071659?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-commitments-and-preferences-for-risk-postlewaite-andrew/10014071659?sid=1535950745 Postlewaite, Andrew Book / Working Paper 2004 Postlewaite, Andrew 0 Chapter 5 Intergenerational and interhousehold economic links Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/chapter-5-intergenerational-and-interhousehold-economic-links-laitner-john/10014024301?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/chapter-5-intergenerational-and-interhousehold-economic-links-laitner-john/10014024301?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Article 1997 Laitner, John 0 Crime and Early Retirement Among Older Americans Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/crime-and-early-retirement-among-older-americans-mitchell-olivia/10014029203?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/crime-and-early-retirement-among-older-americans-mitchell-olivia/10014029203?sid=1535950745 Mitchell, Olivia S. Book / Working Paper 2011 Mitchell, Olivia S. 0 The Effect of Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes : The Case of Height Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10014122509?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10014122509?sid=1535950745 Persico, Nicola G. Book / Working Paper 2011 Persico, Nicola G. 0 Cognitive Ability and Retiree Health Care Expenditure Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/cognitive-ability-and-retiree-health-care-expenditure-fang-hanming/10014189031?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/cognitive-ability-and-retiree-health-care-expenditure-fang-hanming/10014189031?sid=1535950745 Fang, Hanming Book / Working Paper 2010 Fang, Hanming 0 Social Security Research at the Michigan Retirement Research Center Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/social-security-research-at-the-michigan-retirement-research-center-burkhauser-richard/10014200096?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/social-security-research-at-the-michigan-retirement-research-center-burkhauser-richard/10014200096?sid=1535950745 Burkhauser, Richard V. Book / Working Paper 2011 Burkhauser, Richard V. 0 Inequality and Volatility Moderation in Russia : Evidence from Micro-Level Panel Data on Consumption and Income Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/inequality-and-volatility-moderation-in-russia-evidence-from-micro-level-panel-data-on-consumption-and-income-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10014207247?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/inequality-and-volatility-moderation-in-russia-evidence-from-micro-level-panel-data-on-consumption-and-income-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10014207247?sid=1535950745 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy Book / Working Paper 2009 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy 0 Consumption, Retirement, and Social Security : Evaluating the Efficiency of Reform with a Life-Cycle Model Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-retirement-and-social-security-evaluating-the-efficiency-of-reform-with-a-life-cycle-model-laitner-john/10014220185?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-retirement-and-social-security-evaluating-the-efficiency-of-reform-with-a-life-cycle-model-laitner-john/10014220185?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Home Production of Dual Earner Couples and Consumption During Retirement Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/home-production-of-dual-earner-couples-and-consumption-during-retirement-house-christopher/10014220189?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/home-production-of-dual-earner-couples-and-consumption-during-retirement-house-christopher/10014220189?sid=1535950745 House, Christopher L. Book / Working Paper 2008 House, Christopher L. 0 Technological Progress and Worker Productivity at Different Ages Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/technological-progress-and-worker-productivity-at-different-ages-laitner-john/10014220262?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/technological-progress-and-worker-productivity-at-different-ages-laitner-john/10014220262?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Estimating Life-Cycle Parameters from Consumption Behavior at Retirement Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/estimating-life-cycle-parameters-from-consumption-behavior-at-retirement-laitner-john/10014220269?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/estimating-life-cycle-parameters-from-consumption-behavior-at-retirement-laitner-john/10014220269?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Valuing Lost Home Production for Dual-Earner Couples Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/valuing-lost-home-production-for-dual-earner-couples-laitner-john/10014220271?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/valuing-lost-home-production-for-dual-earner-couples-laitner-john/10014220271?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Precautionary Saving Over the Lifecycle Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/precautionary-saving-over-the-lifecycle-laitner-john/10014220322?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/precautionary-saving-over-the-lifecycle-laitner-john/10014220322?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Labor Supply Responses to Social Security Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/labor-supply-responses-to-social-security-laitner-john/10014220457?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/labor-supply-responses-to-social-security-laitner-john/10014220457?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Wealth Accumulation in the U.S : Do Inheritances and Bequests Play a Significant Role? Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/wealth-accumulation-in-the-u-s-do-inheritances-and-bequests-play-a-significant-role-laitner-john/10014220903?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/wealth-accumulation-in-the-u-s-do-inheritances-and-bequests-play-a-significant-role-laitner-john/10014220903?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Wealth, Inequality, and Altruistic Bequests Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/wealth-inequality-and-altruistic-bequests-laitner-john/10014220905?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/wealth-inequality-and-altruistic-bequests-laitner-john/10014220905?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Secular Changes in Wealth Inequality and Inheritance Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/secular-changes-in-wealth-inequality-and-inheritance-laitner-john/10014220913?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/secular-changes-in-wealth-inequality-and-inheritance-laitner-john/10014220913?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Modeling the Macroeconomic Implications of Social Security Reform Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/modeling-the-macroeconomic-implications-of-social-security-reform-laitner-john/10014220914?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/modeling-the-macroeconomic-implications-of-social-security-reform-laitner-john/10014220914?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Life-Cycle Models : Lifetime Earnings and the Timing of Retirement Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/life-cycle-models-lifetime-earnings-and-the-timing-of-retirement-laitner-john/10014221091?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/life-cycle-models-lifetime-earnings-and-the-timing-of-retirement-laitner-john/10014221091?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2008 Laitner, John 0 Trends in the Labor Force Participation of Married Women Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/trends-in-the-labor-force-participation-of-married-women-house-christopher/10014221457?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/trends-in-the-labor-force-participation-of-married-women-house-christopher/10014221457?sid=1535950745 House, Christopher L. Book / Working Paper 2008 House, Christopher L. 0 Rational illiquidity and consumption : theory and evidence from income tax withholding and refunds Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/rational-illiquidity-and-consumption-theory-and-evidence-from-income-tax-withholding-and-refunds-gelman-michael/10014229217?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/rational-illiquidity-and-consumption-theory-and-evidence-from-income-tax-withholding-and-refunds-gelman-michael/10014229217?sid=1535950745 Gelman, Michael Article 2022 Gelman, Michael 0 Turnover of Used Durables in a Stationary Equilibrium : Are Older Goods Traded More? Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/turnover-of-used-durables-in-a-stationary-equilibrium-are-older-goods-traded-more-stolyarov-dmitriy/10014103197?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/turnover-of-used-durables-in-a-stationary-equilibrium-are-older-goods-traded-more-stolyarov-dmitriy/10014103197?sid=1535950745 Stolyarov, Dmitriy Book / Working Paper 2003 Stolyarov, Dmitriy 0 Motives for Bequests within the Middle Class Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/motives-for-bequests-within-the-middle-class-laitner-john/10014161873?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/motives-for-bequests-within-the-middle-class-laitner-john/10014161873?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2013 Laitner, John 0 Consumption Commitments and Employment Contracts Tue, 16 May 2023 17:28:52 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-commitments-and-employment-contracts-postlewaite-andrew/10014053790?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-commitments-and-employment-contracts-postlewaite-andrew/10014053790?sid=1535950745 Postlewaite, Andrew Book / Working Paper 2006 Postlewaite, Andrew 0 Consumption, Commitmants and Preferences for Risk Fri, 29 Jul 2022 23:03:00 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-commitmants-and-preferences-for-risk-postlewaite-andrew/10013324613?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/consumption-commitmants-and-preferences-for-risk-postlewaite-andrew/10013324613?sid=1535950745 Postlewaite, Andrew Book / Working Paper 2022 Postlewaite, Andrew 0 Learning, Complementarities, and Asynchronous Use of Technology Fri, 29 Jul 2022 22:18:18 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/learning-complementarities-and-asynchronous-use-of-technology-jovanovic-boyan/10013308327?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/learning-complementarities-and-asynchronous-use-of-technology-jovanovic-boyan/10013308327?sid=1535950745 Jovanovic, Boyan Book / Working Paper 2022 Jovanovic, Boyan 0 The Effect of Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes : The Case of Height Sun, 12 Jun 2022 22:20:29 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10013235638?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/the-effect-of-adolescent-experience-on-labor-market-outcomes-the-case-of-height-persico-nicola/10013235638?sid=1535950745 Persico, Nicola G. Book / Working Paper 2021 Persico, Nicola G. 0 Willpower and the Optimal Control of Visceral Urges Sun, 12 Jun 2022 22:06:12 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/willpower-and-the-optimal-control-of-visceral-urges-ozdenoren-emre/10013218981?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/willpower-and-the-optimal-control-of-visceral-urges-ozdenoren-emre/10013218981?sid=1535950745 Ozdenoren, Emre Book / Working Paper 2021 Ozdenoren, Emre 0 Estimating Life-Cycle Parameters from Consumption Behavior at Retirement Sun, 12 Jun 2022 22:06:12 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/estimating-life-cycle-parameters-from-consumption-behavior-at-retirement-laitner-john/10013220962?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/estimating-life-cycle-parameters-from-consumption-behavior-at-retirement-laitner-john/10013220962?sid=1535950745 Laitner, John Book / Working Paper 2021 Laitner, John 0 Inequality and Volatility Moderation in Russia : Evidence from Micro-Level Panel Data on Consumption and Income Sat, 19 Mar 2022 21:34:47 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/inequality-and-volatility-moderation-in-russia-evidence-from-micro-level-panel-data-on-consumption-and-income-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10013158667?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/inequality-and-volatility-moderation-in-russia-evidence-from-micro-level-panel-data-on-consumption-and-income-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10013158667?sid=1535950745 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy Book / Working Paper 2009 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy 0 Inequality and Volatility Moderation in Russia : Evidence from Micro-Level Panel Data on Consumption and Income Sat, 19 Mar 2022 21:20:02 +0000 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/inequality-and-volatility-moderation-in-russia-evidence-from-micro-level-panel-data-on-consumption-and-income-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10013152496?sid=1535950745 https://www.econbiz.de/Record/inequality-and-volatility-moderation-in-russia-evidence-from-micro-level-panel-data-on-consumption-and-income-gorodnichenko-yuriy/10013152496?sid=1535950745 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy Book / Working Paper 2010 Gorodnichenko, Yuriy 0