wages in start‐ups unambiguously predicts the existence and the direction of wage differentials between spin‐offs and non … higher wages to employees with linkages to the university sector – either as university graduates or as student workers. …

Education is a key determinant of wage development. The relationship between education and wages is particularly strong … education, such as Germany and Switzerland. However, whether general and vocational education offer the same returns to …

such an effect also exists in Germany, a country in which universities are top-performing in some but not all fields, and …