This article analyses the views of European Works Councils expressed by senior managers of Japanese multinational companies. It reports the results of a survey conducted in 1998, in which a substantial majority of managers gave a fairly favourable overall evaluation of the institution. However,...

We introduce a class of production function whose inputs and outputs constitute multiples of quality and quantity. Under the efficiency unit approach, we precisely reduce innovation regarding qualitative and quantitative improvements of production to the measurement of quality-adjusted...