both cooperation and peer punishment. To make the commitment credible, we assume that those willing to commit have to make …Theoretical and empirical studies have generally weighed the effect of peer punishment and pool punishment for … sanctioning free riders separately. However, these sanctioning mechanisms often pose a puzzling tradeoff between efficiency and …

pillar is internalised norms of cooperation, sustained by emotions such as guilt and shame. The second pillar is the … motivation can sustain cooperation if enough people cooperate but can jeopardise social order if many others follow selfish … inclinations. The third pillar are sanctions meted out to anyone who does not cooperate; ideally punishment can work as a mere …

pillar is internalized norms of cooperation, sustained by emotions such as guilt and shame. The second pillar is the … motivation can sustain cooperation if enough people cooperate but can jeopardise social order if many others follow selfish … inclinations. The third pillar are sanctions meted out to anyone who does not cooperate; ideally punishment can work as a mere …

bear a higher burden of punishment costs than non-police subjects. When the norm enforcement institution is endogenous, all …