Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RSs) are material handling systems that are frequently used in manufacturing and distribution centers. The modelling of the retrieval–travel time of an AS/RS (expected product delivery time) is practically important, because it allows us to evaluate...

In automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS), the usage of intelligent algorithms can lead to a reduction in the makespan required to complete a series of input/output operations. This paper presents a simulation-optimisation algorithm which aims at minimising the makespan in a realistic...