For decades the European Treaties neither regulated nor envisaged any formal relations between national parliaments and the European Community/European Union (EU) institutions. The role of national parliaments in European affairs was therefore to a large extent overlooked. The situation began to...

This study evaluates the implementation of the Creative Europe programme (2014 to 2020) to date, focusing on selected smaller- and larger-scale (from the financial point of view) actions, with a predominance of the former. The study supplements the European implementation assessment of Creative...

Mutual societies represent a significant share of the insurance market in Europe. They are based on principles such as democratic governance and solidarity, and they present an alternative to profit-making stockholding insurance companies. The European Commission, after initially embracing the...

The Treaty enshrines four freedoms for legal and natural persons in the EU. One of them, freedom of establishment, is particularly important for companies. However, there is no European legal instrument establishing a harmonised system, and it is also difficult to ascertain which law is...

Women across the European Union bring home 16.2% less than their male counterparts in the EU. This figure is more than just a statistic: it has real-life consequences for the women concerned, for their families and for society at large. The European Parliament firmly believes that reducing the...

This report provides information about the Supreme Court of the United States, how it is organized and functions, the mechanisms by which cases reach the Court and how it treats treaties that have not been ratified by the United States government.

This Cost of Non-Europe report is designed to contribute to a clearer understanding of the potential benefits of building a more open and competitive internal energy market in the European Union. Many gaps and barriers are identified from reviewing the existing literature. Each represents a...

On 11 October 2012, the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI) requested a Cost of Non-Europe report (CoNE) on the perspective of having a European Code on Private International Law. This Cost of Non-Europe report analyses the formal question of the code, and more particularly the question of 'gaps'...