In defining selection bias, we have considered only the parallel universe of the treated group or the untreated group … paper, we redefined selection bias by considering all four existing universes in the real and hypothetical worlds, and we …

bias in the empirical distribution arising from the presence of noise. The leading bias in the empirical quantile function … mean and variance have been derived. Given a closed-form expression for the bias, bias-corrected estimator of the …-parametric and easy to implement. Our approach can be connected to corrections for selection bias and shrinkage estimation and is to …

bias in the empirical distribution arising from the presence of noise. The leading bias in the empirical quantile function … for selection bias and shrinkage estimation and is to be contrasted with deconvolution. Simulation results confirm the …