The purpose of this paper is to present the two existing virtual account models functioning in the European Union, examine their legal validity and identify the legal challenges related to the functioning of these models. The first model, Mass Payment Accounts, which is related to virtual...

Offering "White-label" products and services is a well-developed business sector in the European market. At present, this market concept is also increasingly being applied to financial services, as part of a bank-FinTech cooperation. A question arises, however, as to the proper place for such...

In the digital age, banks must urgently transform their traditional lending processes. This necessity is intensified by the growing competition from digital providers and customers' increasing expectations for efficiency and speed in financial services. Particularly in the business banking...