Background: This work is part of the regional research project PIPER-Intelligent Platform for the Optimization of Recycling Operations, which aims to develop a network design model for waste collection in the metropolitan city of Rome, Italy. The goal is to enhance the strategic planning of...

Production, logistics, and service systems involve multiple customers being served by shared resources. Once either a process or a service concerning several customers is optimized, business sustainability and profit opportunities become a matter of contracted commercial offers and business...