In estimating global crude oil trade flows, existing studies either only consider crude oil tankers or apply external information to distinguish between crude and product oil trips taken by product tankers; these limitations often render the estimation less accurate or lacking replicability. Our...

We study the causal effects and policy implications of global supply chain disruptions. We construct a new index of supply chain disruptions from the mandatory automatic identification system data of container ships, developing a novel spatial clustering algorithm that determines real-time...