emission standards are welfare superior to pollution taxes. Second, with interest groups, when the lobbying efficiency is small … that of the pollution tax. By contrast, when the degree of transboundary pollution is not large, and when the lobbying … interaction between the lobbying efficiency and the degree of transboundary pollution plays an important role in the welfare …

This paper adds to the literature on transboundary pollution by considering pollution related to both production and … transboundary pollution to analyze the effects of trade liberalization on economic performance under two types of pollution. Our … pollution is considered. When trade liberalization policy is mutually implemented, consumer surplus and social environmental …