The fields of psychometrics, economic education, and education have developed more statistically- valid methods of assessing knowledge and learning. These methods include item response theory, value-added learning models, and disaggregated learning. The focus of these methods are on...

This paper establishes a new method of estimating public dissent that is both cost effective and adaptable. Twitter allows users to post short messages that can be viewed and shared by other users, creating a network of freely and easily observable information. Drawing data directly from...