Relative GDP shares are frequently used as weights in aggregations. In order to ensure that these weights reflect countries` shares in real output, GDP data in national currencies should be converted into a common numeraire currency at purchasing power parity (PPP) rates. A review of the...

Under fixed exchange rates, fiscal policy is an effective tool. According to classical views because it impacts the real exchange rate, according to Keynesian views because it impacts output. Both views have merit because the effects of government spending are asymmetric. A spending cut lowers...

The initial entry of FDI in India can be loosely considered from the time of establishment of East India Company of Britain during the colonial era in the 17th century due to the British merchants approaching the Mughal Emperor with the proposal of establishing a factory in Surat city of India....

This paper examines the extent of misalignment of the real effective exchange rate (REER) of South African rand. With South Africa being an open emerging market economy closely linked with global markets, the country’s economy is susceptible to external shocks and changes in global trade...

The aim of this study is to examine empirically the validity of PPP in the context of unit root tests based on linear and non-linear models of the real effective exchange rate of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. For this purpose, we apply the Harvey et al. (2008)...