The study assesses how ICT modulates the effect of informal sector on income inequality and investigates critical mass or threshold of ICT at which the diffusion of information with mobile cellular reduce income inequality. The ICT indicators are the regional ICT development index (RIDI),...

The authors point out that the labour market in Indonesia is not only influenced by domestic factors but also by labour markets abroad. After discussing the Indonesian labour market, growth of population and labour force, international labour mobility, among other topics, they scrutinize the...

A generous PAYG defined benefit pension system can guarantee retirees to have comfortable life, but the state budget may not be sustainable when the population is ageing. On the other hand, a defined contribution pension system guarantees state budget sustainability, but making retirees’...