Ways of leaving the labor force has been an understudied aspect of labor market outcomes. Labor market institutions such as occupational licensing may influence how individuals transition to retirement. When and how workers transition from career jobs to full retirement may contribute to pre-...

Switching to physically less demanding occupations is a plausible option to postpone retirement and accommodate the deterioration of physical abilities at the same time. On the other hand, a significant proportion of midlife workers switched to physically more demanding occupations, implying...