In the context of the Russia–Ukraine war, this study examines the dependence structure and evaluates the safe haven attributes of gold for equity in the time-frequency domain. We use the wavelet coherence analysis for the leading stock markets and gold prices. Empirical results indicate that...

The relaxation of the various rules and regulations and opening the doors of financial markets to foreign capital has helped in the global financial integration. This paper is an attempt to assemble the various literature available in the field of stock market integration across the world. This...