In November 2018, the European Commission published its Strategic Long-Term Vision entitled “A Clean Planet for all” calling for the target of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This proposal was subsequently agreed upon by EU heads of state and government, it features centrally in...

As the worlds largest economy, the United States is also the largest consumer of fossil energy sources and the largest per capita emitter of greenhouse gases. Although the climate and energy policies adopted over the past decade have been insufficient to reverse continued emissions growth, a...

Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are essential elements for living organisms, including plants, animals and bacteria. They are used as fertilisers in agriculture to guarantee high yields and quality products. However, the increasing demand not only in food...

In order to support businesses in improving their resource efficiency, Member States use a variety of approaches, ranging from voluntary to regulatory measures. This study assesses the scope of application of ten relevant measures and provides good practice cases of these ten measures across...

The Directive 2006/21/EC on the treatment of waste from the extractive industries, also called the mining waste Directive (MWD), requires Member States to report to the Commission on their national implementation in three-year intervals based on a questionnaire developed by the Commission in...