While there are harmonised EU rules on the processing of commercial air passenger data for law enforcement purposes, the processing of data on other modes of transport for such purposes is not regulated. This results in a very disparate set of practices among Member States, leading to legal and...

This feasibility study, commissioned by the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME), evaluates the harmonization of access to travel information for cross-border road and rail transport within the EU. It examines the collection, transfer, and processing of travel data to...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is developing fast and the benefits of adopting AI are widely recognized. AI applications can contribute to better public services, e.g. by improving citizen-government interaction, enabling smarter analytical capabilities or improving efficiency across public-sector...

This Study, completed for the European Commission, DG CONNECT, supports the Impact Assessment of the European Commission's proposed Regulation on a European approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI). The study is divided into four main sections. Section 1 of the Study is dedicated to a...

In 2004, Council decision No 2004/17/EC introduced requirements on travel medical insurance (TMI) for granting a uniform visa. These provisions were later integrated into Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code). The TMI requirements determine that...

This study aims to support the European Commission Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME) with the evaluation of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 on the European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG Regulation), assessing its relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, coherence, and EU added...

This study supports DG HOME with the evaluation of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 on the European Border and Coast Guard (also known as the EBCG Regulation), assessing its relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, coherence, and EU added value. This is done by analysing the functioning of and the results...