In the digital economy age, carbon emission reduction is perhaps the most crucial contribution affecting national activities and international negotiations. In a potential carbon reduction conflict, a rational participant expects to select a suitable strategic opinion to reach another state with...

Energy is essential for economic growth; however, energy consumption also negatively influences long-term economic progress by adversely affecting environmental quality and human welfare in the developing world. Developing nations strive to accomplish more development, which increases their...

This paper aims to study the determinants of location choice of China's direct energy investment in BRI countries. It also attempts to analyze the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the effect of national distance. For this purpose, the gravity model is applied to the data over the period...