The article considers the interrelationships between ideas of fairness and ideas of evidence, and how progress in the policy pursuit of fairness in health and healthcare has been plagued by problems with vocabulary, vagueness as to values, deplorable absences of relevant empirical knowledge and...

Does the use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of health care interventions necessarily discriminate against patients with short life expectancy compared with others? This paper reviews the arguments both that it does and that it does not, and...