For several decades energy subsidies remain on the top of international policy agenda, serving as one of the most debated and widely used policy tools. Several major international organizations have attempted to quantify global energy subsidies and provide assessment of their potential reform....

The resilience of global value chains has been put to the test by the COVID-19 pandemic, extreme weather events, and trade tensions spurred by growing economic nationalism and protectionism. Shocks in production and trade can be transmitted from one country to another by global value chains,...

This review seeks to survey, understand, and reconcile the widely divergent estimates of long-run global crop output, land use, and price projections in the current literature. We review the history of such projections and the different models and assumptions used in these exercises. We then...

This paper provides estimates of the impact that removing all merchandise trade distortions (including agricultural subsidies) would have on food and agricultural production, trade and incomes. Using the latest versions of the GTAP database and the World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global...

This paper illustrates some of the potential consequences of the WTO's Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations on incomes and poverty globally. Using the global LINKAGE model to generate changes in domestic and international prices that have a direct impact on factor incomes and consumer...

This paper examines whether the Sub-Saharan African economies could gain from multilateral trade reform in the presence of trade preferences. The World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global economy is employed to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and...

The theoretical literature on trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) indicates that they could be either substitutes or complements. The empirical evidence on U.S.-Japan and APEC countries suggests that trade and FDI exhibit a complementary relationship. In this paper, we employ a six-region...

Ten countries - most completing their transition from socialist-based economies to market economies - are slated to join the European Union (EU) in 2004 and four additional countries are expected to become members at some future dates. Despite a relatively small economic size of the accession...

China's accelerated global emergence has changed trade patterns in the Asia-Pacific region and exerted important influence on its trilateral relationship with Japan and the United States. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of multilateral and regional trade policy scenarios that are...

In March 2002, the United States imposed temporary safeguard measures on 11 steel products in the forms of higher tariffs and tariff-rate quotas. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, we evaluate the effects of U.S. safeguards on economic welfare, real GDP, steel trade, and...