In the pre-industrial era, there was a positive association between income and fertility across households within societies, but in the modern era, a clear association does not seem to exist, neither positive nor negative. Why the income-fertility relationship within societies changed over time...

This paper presents a theory of the cross-sectional fertility differential, which produces the negative wage-fertility relationship based on jobsf heterogeneity. Compared to the existing literature, the theory not only captures the realistic situation where productivity and working conditions...

This paper develops an overlapping generations model in which agents make educational and fertility decisions under life-cycle considerations, and retirement from work is distinguished from death. This model sheds light on a novel mechanism that links life expectancy, retirement, education,...