Zum 1. Mai 2004 werden zehn weitere Volkswirtschaften der Europäischen Union beitreten. In den Verträgen ist die künftige Einführung des Euro vorgesehen, wenngleich hier kein genauer Terminplan besteht. Acht der Beitrittsländer liegen in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Estland, Lettland, Litauen,...

The growing literature on the potential role of energy resources around the Caspian Sea is dominated by geoplitics whereas economic aspects have been largely neglected thus far. The relevance of Caspian oil and gas reserves continues to be praised, though objective data on production and exports...

Natural gas makes a major contribution to European energy supply. Consequently, the political crisis between Russia and Ukraine increases fears of the consequences of Russia suspending natural gas supplies to Ukraine and the European Union. The last time this occurred was in the winter of 2009,...

Natural gas is a significant contributor to European energy supply. Hence, the political crisis between Russia and Ukraine increases fears of the consequences of Russia suspending natural gas supplies to Ukraine and the European Union. The last time this had occurred was in the winter of 2009...

This paper analyses the emergence of global energy companies in Russia. Within the framework of the history and rules of privatisation, the unfavourable investment climate, and the distortions of the internal Russian market, a dual structure of the Russian energy sector developed. Economic...