We examine the measurement of individual poverty in an intertemporal context. Our aim is to capture the importance of persistence in a state of poverty and we characterize a corresponding individual intertemporal poverty measure. Our first axiom requires that intertemporal poverty is identical...

A poverty reduction failure index is a measure of the extent of inability of a society to reduce its poverty level. This paper develops an ordering for ranking alternative income distributions in terms of poverty reduction failures. The ordering can be easily implemented by using the generalized...