Given the rapid advancement of computer technology, the importance of administeringadaptive tests with polytomous items is in great need. With regard to the applicability ofadaptive testing using polytomous IRT models, adaptive testing can use polytomous items of either rating scales, or in some...

For analyzing item response data, item response theory (IRT) models treat the discrete responses to the items as driven by underlying continuous latent traits, and consider the form of conditional probability of the response to each item given the latent traits. In a similar fashion, log-linear...

Educators are seeking out mechanisms for reporting diagnostic information about the strengths and weaknesses of each student. Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) is a form of assessment that could facilitate the educators in discovering their students' strengths and weaknesses. In CDA, the...

It has long been part of the Item Response Theory (IRT) folklore that under the usual empirical Bayes unidimensional IRT modeling approach, the posterior distribution of examinee ability given test response is approximately normal for a long test. Under very general non-parametric assumptions,...