Firms in the European chemical industry have been among the most successful firms world wide. However, they have had to undertake severe restucturing in order to maintain their market position. These efforts focused in particular on strengthening their innovative capability as product and...

The purpose of this paper is to integrate what has recently been learned about the location of innovative activity. There is considerable evidence that R&D spillovers exist, and that they are geographically bounded. The extent to which such knowledge externalities exist as well as the cost of...