The creation of microfractures within rock is commonly observed as rock is strained. The presence of these microfractures constitutes damage to the rock, and this damage can reduce the rock’s strength. This paper explores the evolution of rock strength as microfractures within a rock...

Several models of economic behavior currently compete for an explanation of individual wealth accumulation. However, most focus upon a very limited set of saving motives. In this paper we build a general model of economic behavior, set in a stochastic environment, which incorporates multiple...

We explore the effects of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) on weak signal transmission in a noisy neural network. We first consider the network where an ensemble of independent neurons, which are subjected to a common weak signal, are connected in parallel to a single postsynaptic neuron...

We study the transmission properties in the one-dimensional photonic crystal containing alternate anisotropic left-handed material (LHM) layers and regular isotropic right-handed material (RHM) layers. For such an anisotropic case, the dispersion relation from the Bloch theorem is derived and...

In this study, an interactive multi-stage stochastic fuzzy programming (IMSFP) approach has been developed through incorporating an interactive fuzzy resolution (IFR) method within an inexact multi-stage stochastic programming framework. IMSFP can deal with dual uncertainties expressed as fuzzy...

In recent years, the issue of water allocation among competing users has been of great concern for many countries due to increasing water demand from population growth and economic development. In water management systems, the inherent uncertainties and their potential interactions pose a...

A nonsmooth multiobjective optimization problem involving generalized (F, α, ρ, d)-type I function is considered. Karush–Kuhn–Tucker type necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are obtained for a feasible point to be an efficient or properly efficient solution. Duality results are...