We determine the optimal response to competitive entry in a market characterized by a market share attraction model. The response of an incumbent is limited to changes in prices, advertising and distribution expenditures; brand positions are assumed to be fixed. We also assume that the entrant's...

The entry of a new product (attacker) into a competitive market is likely to provoke responses from some or all of the existing products (defenders). This paper investigates the development of optimal defensive strategies based on an understanding of the possible reactions of all the defenders...

In this study, energy–exergy–environmental–economic (4-E) analyses of stand-alone line-focusing concentrating solar power plants are carried out for different plant capacities ranging from 1 to 50 MW_e. Solar power plants based on concentrating power technologies are used to harness the...