This paper examines the effect of multimodal integration on the rivalry between two transport chains - a forwarder-airline alliance and an integrator - under the economies of traffic density. An improvement in multimodal integration by a forwarder-airline alliance would increase the alliance's...

Benchmarking energy-efficiency is an important tool to promote the efficient use of energy in commercial buildings. Benchmarking models are mostly constructed in a simple benchmark table (percentile table) of energy use, which is normalized with floor area and temperature. This paper describes a...