The last few years have seen a major restructuring of network industries around the world. This has also occurred in the Netherlands. The changes are the result of liberalisation projects initiated by the Dutch government and follow EU Directives. Both theoretical and empirical research suggest...

In the run-up to EMU, academic economists generally concluded the EU as a whole was not an optimum currency area (OCA). An important reason was the lack of structural convergence between the potential members of the monetary union. Nevertheless, the euro area currently consists of twelve...