This study examines empirically whether corporate ratings by the credit rating agency Standard & Poor's reflect fundamental and publicly observable shocks to the credit quality of companies. This serves to assess the degree of information sensitivity of external ratings, and the timeliness of...

This study suggests a new framework for validating issuer credit ratings as-signed by credit rating agencies (or any other type of rating system). Using a benchmark rating, based on publicly available information and high frequency market data, our framework builds on identifying severe (and...

We address the question whether the impact of default risk on equity returns dependson the financial system firms operate in. We compare results from asset pricing testsfor the German and the U.S. stock markets, where Germany is the prime-example fora bank-based financial system. We find that a...

Even 50 years after Modigliani/Miller’s irrelevance theorem, the basic question of how firmschoose their capital structure remains unclear. This survey paper aims at summarizing anddiscussing corresponding recent developments in empirical capital structure research, which,in our view, are...

We use panel data from nine countries over the period 1996 to 2003 to test how revenue diversi-fication in conjunction with increasing bank size affects bank value. Using a comprehensive framework for bank performance measurement, we find no evidence for a conglomerate dis-count, unlike studies...

This paper suggests a motive for bank mergers that goes beyond alleged and typically unverifiable scale economies: preemtive resolution of banks ́financial distress. Such "distress mergers" can be a significant motivation for mergers because they can foster reorganizations, realize...