Future fiscal equalisation in Germany requires not only a new equalisation formula but also a fairer, more equal, broader and more transparent tax base for states and local governments. If necessary, changes to the Federal Constitution should be undertaken to achieve a more equal vertical...

The level of the income tax is a major issue of the political debate in Germany. The paper presents data on the income tax burden in the period 1958–2013. The data refer to specific levels of real income as well as to specific levels of income in relation to the average income. The...