This article re-connects with structure-agency debates to explore the development of the social work assistant role. Drawing upon an analytical framework based on the tenets of critical realism, it seeks to explain the evolution of this role across three local authorities by looking at the...

Using the Care Programme Approach (CPA) as an example, this article examines the difficulties of implementing change within the National Health Service (NHS). A framework is suggested which aims to clarify the nature of change by distinguishing where, when and how decisions are made. It is...

It is argued that policy makers, in government especially, use crude output measures such as the link with performance to argue the case for, or more often against, employee participation. The paper considers the problems associated with the use of such crude output measures but argues that...