In Germany, the productivity of professional services, a sector dominated by micro and small firms, declined by 40 percent between 1995 and 2014. This productivity decline also holds true for professional services in other European countries. Using a German firm-level dataset of 700,000...

In Germany, the productivity of professional services, a sector dominated by micro and small firms, declined by 40 percent between 1995 and 2014. This productivity decline also holds true for professional services in other European countries. Using a German firm-level dataset of 700,000...

The self-employed are among those facing the highest probability of strong income losses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments in many countries introduced support programs to support the self-employed, including the German federal government, which approved a €50bn emergency aid program...

Selbstständige erleiden in der Covid-19-Pandemie besonders häufig Einkommensverluste. Zu ihrer Unterstützung hat der Bund verschiedene Programme mit Liquiditätshilfen aufgelegt. Im Frühjahr 2020 startete der Bund die Soforthilfe, ein Programm, das für die von Umsatzrückgängen betroffenen...

In response to strong revenue and income losses that a large share of the self-employed faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the German federal government introduced a €50bn emergency aid program. Based on real-time online-survey data comprising more than 20,000 observations, we analyze the...

In response to strong revenue and income losses that a large share of the self-employed faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the German federal government introduced a €50bn emergency aid program. Based on real-time online-survey data comprising more than 20,000 observations, we analyze the...

Selbstständige haben während der Covid-19-Pandemie im Vergleich zu abhängig Beschäftigten besonders starke Einkommensverluste erlitten. Zu ihrer Unterstützung hat die Bundesregierung daher verschiedene Programme mit Liquiditätshilfen aufgelegt. Im Frühjahr 2020 startete der Bund die...