The Appellate Body (AB) in US – Washing Machines clarified the concept of targeted dumping and the way to apply the pertinent part of Article 2.4.2. Above all, by limiting the applicable scope for the second sentence of Article 2.4.2 to ‘pattern transactions' which consist of only low-priced...

Targeted dumping now seems to be a normal part of the United States anti-dumping investigations. While the United States has stopped invoking the zeroing in all review proceedings as well as in original investigations, however, it continues to use the zeroing practice for the ‘weighted average...

While the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement has received far more attention, a lesser-known U.S. trade deal has also been reworked. In April of 2017, President Trump proclaimed his displeasure with the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (commonly referred to as “KORUS”),...

This article examines systemic issues arising from the calculation of the level of retaliation against WTO-inconsistent AD/CVD ‘measures’ by focusing primarily on two Article 22.6 arbitration cases, i.e. US – Washing Machines (Article 22.6) and US – Anti-Dumping Methodologies (Article...

What does the provisions on the non-discrimination principle (“the principles”) in digital trade mean under trade agreements, especially in the absence of a clear international consensus on the subject of the principles? To answer this question, this study first identifies the issues related...

Considering the third-country effects on bilateral incentives to sign a new PTA, we develop a theory-based empirical approach to access how a country's pre-existing PTAs affect her formation of a new PTA. Our empirical analysis using the theory-based measures of these effects confirms that a...