This paper uses fractional integration and cointegration for the period of January 2000-June 2018 to investigate the … have significant permanent effects. Concerning bivariate results and testing for cointegration, evidence of cointegration … cointegration is found, though in general, in all cases, we observe that the degree of cointegration is very low, implying very long …

monthly) are analysed using fractional integration and fractional cointegration methods. Further, recursive cointegration … exhibit long memory. There is cointegration between the ASEAN five and the US but almost none between the former and China …